Juniper Publishers Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Therapy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a well known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The development of atherosclerosis is largely promoted by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a known atherosclerotic risk factor but LDL must be modified to become atherogenic. Inflammatory-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species oxidize LDL (oxLDL) giving rise to lipid peroxides and aldehydes that favor the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is a lipid binding plasma protein with pleiotropic functions that binds oxLDL via specific oxidative-derived ligands to form pro-atherogenic oxLDL/β2GPI complexes and in this guise exerts a buffering effect upon LDL oxidation. Statin (Rosuvastatin) treatment lowered serum le...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Opinion Statins are the most commonly used lipid lowering drugs [1]. Recent experimental evidence underscores additional cholesterol independent or pleiotropic effects, contributing to prevention and inhibition of atherosclerosis. These vascular pleiotropic effects include amelioration of endothelial function, the inflammatory process retardation, the thrombus formation blockage, increase of plaque stability and decreasing oxidative stress [2]. Thus, currently statins are believed to be as one of the most powerful drugs for the treatment of vascular disease [3,4]. The treatment of endothelial dysfunction in chronic cardiovascular diseases is already evidenced. Keeping in mind the uniformity of the vascular system physiologically and pathophysiologically, and that it plays a key role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), endothelial dysfunction should be treated [5,6]. Age-relat...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Diabetic patients are more likely to have an acute coronary syndrome or even sudden silent death. Among the diabetic population there is the paradox of an early onset of coronary disease and a late diagnosis due to the absence of a striking clinic. Angina in the diabetic patient usually has an atypical presentation. The technique described by Agatston to quantify coronary calcium consists in measuring the total area of calcified coronary plaque in pixels, cut by cut, assigning a score. Coronary artery calcification has been shown to be an excellent measure of atherosclerotic load in epicardial vessels. The calcium in coronary arteries is related to cardiac events in the general population and its quantification is consistently higher in patients with clinic coronary disease. The presence of vascular calcification may provide an additional reason for both the physician and the ...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Various studies showed the possibility of the Risk Factors to promote a disease in the arterial wall and the following development and progression of the Atherosclerosis with its impact on future vascular events. The early stage of atherogenesis is the atherosclerotic plaque, and the primary-prevention had already proved itself efficacius in this early stage, because its erosion and rupture can lead to thrombus formation on the site of the plaque and vessel occlusion, culminating in Cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a variety of clinical manifestations. The most significant clinical manifestation, in terms of morbility and mortality, is CHD. The aim of the primary-prevention, dietary and lifestyle changes is the regression or slow-down and stability of atherosclerotic plaques, with the control of cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovascular Risk Various studies showed...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Various studies showed the possibility of the Risk Factors to promote a disease in the arterial wall and the following development and progression of the Atherosclerosis with its impact on future vascular events. The early stage of atherogenesis is the atherosclerotic plaque, and the primary-prevention had already proved itself efficacius in this early stage, because its erosion and rupture can lead to thrombus formation on the site of the plaque and vessel occlusion, culminating in Cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a variety of clinical manifestations. The most significant clinical manifestation, in terms of morbility and mortality, is CHD. The aim of the primary-prevention, dietary and lifestyle changes is the regression or slow-down and stability of atherosclerotic plaques, with the control of cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovascular Risk Various studies showed ...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Aim: 900 MHz Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques measured the dimensions of atheroma and stenosis in excised human coronary plaque disruption and lipid disorder due to oxidative stress. Hypothesis: Coronary atheroma is a lipid disorder and MRI visible. Materials and Methods: Contiguous cross-sectional T2-weighted fast spin echo MRI images were point-by-point compared with coronary histopathology for quantitation of coronary wall and plaque features. Coronary atheroma tissues were used for NMR spectroscopy and oxidative stress content analysis. Results: 900 MHz MRI images showed distinct measurable wall thickness and vessel radii. The quantitative comparison of lumen areas and wall thickness in endarterectomy specimens using MRI images and histology images showed mean difference 5.0 % for lumen area and 4.5 % for wall thickness. MRI data correlated with the his...