Activation Times in the Ventricular Myocardial Band-Juniper Publishers
JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Opinion The sequence of left ventricular endo and epicardial electrical activation was studied in patients by three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping with a Carto navigation and mapping system (Biosense Webster, California, USA), which allows a three-dimensional anatomical representation with activation maps and electrical propagation. The propagation time of electrical activation was measured in milliseconds (ms). Isochronic and activation sequence maps were constructed and correlated with the surface electrocardiogram. Apical, lateral and basal views were obtained. As the descending band is endocardial and the ascending band epicardial, two approaches were used to perform mapping. The endocardial access was achieved by conventional atrial transeptal puncture and the epicardial one by a percutaneous approach in the pericardial space. Endocardial and epicardial mapping was immediate...