Heart Failure in Afro-Caribbean: A Cardiovascular Enigma-Juniper Publishers
JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Introduction Heart failure is a disease in which there are striking population differences in almost every aspect of the disease. It has been recognized that the cause of heart failure is predominantly ischemic disease in nonblack but is related primarily to hypertension in blacks and this statement should be also assessed in Afro-Caribbean patients because population differences in disease exist that may be attributable to differences in social factors, genetics, environment, lifestyle, comorbidities, and complex interactions among these factors. The full impact of cardiovascular disease risk factors on incident disease and cardiovascular mortality in the Caribbean community is still not known, as there are not longitudinal studies on incident or fatal cardiovascular disease [1]. Data from St James Study in Trinidad showed that Blood Pressure, diabetes and low density lipoprotein w...