Juniper Publishers Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Therapy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Introduction In Japan as recently as 1991 TakoTsubo recognized as a syndrome, the physicians noted the characteristic changes in Left Ventricular apical ballooning similar to an octopus trap. Tako meaning Octopus and Tsubo meaning Japanese trap pot. It is also sinuously known as apical ballooning syndrome, acute stress-induced cardiomyopathy or commonly as broken heart syndrome (Figure 1). Etiology Caused by sudden surging stress hormones catecholamines (are epinephrine (adrenaline), nor-epinephrine (nor-adrenaline), and dopamine). Release of the hormones epinephrine and nor-epinephrine from the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands is part of the fight-or-flight response for example, adrenaline essentially “stuns” or contracts the heart, triggering changes in heart muscle cells or coronary blood vessels (or both) that prevent the left ventricle from pumping effectively. Women ...