Juniper Publishers Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Therapy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY   Opinion Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbi-mortality and disability. It is estimated that approximately 875 million adults worldwide have systolic blood pressure above 140mmHg. If the demographic trend is considered and the prevalence of hypertension increases with age, the consequences of hypertension will continue to increase. The 2017 guideline is an update of “The Seven Report of the Joint Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC)” [ 1 , 2 ]. The guidelines provide a comprehensive review for the diagnosis and therapeutics of arterial hypertension. These guides recommend classifying blood pressure into 4 categories: normal (less than 120/80mm Hg); elevated (120-129/lower 80mmHg); stage 1 hypertension (130-139/80mmHg) and stage 2 hypertension (greater 140/greater 90mmHg). These categories are designed to facilitate clinical d

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY   Opinion Cardivan- vascular dieses are group of disease which are totally preventable, it is concluded that almost 90% of CVD is avoidable. Improving risk factors is the key point in Prevention strategies, thus minimizing atherosclerosis process are significantly linked to improving risk factors by: healthy diet consumption, conducting exercises, eliminating tobacco smoke and educing alcohol intake. Lipids and high blood pressure management and control have great impact on CVD morbidities and mortalities. Applying effective strep throat with suitable antibiotics can contribute to decrease risk of rheumatic heart disease. Cardiovascular diseases kept the main cause of mortality worldwide globally. It has been estimated that the mortality rate has been increased from 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990 and have been increasing in much of the developing w

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY   Case Report A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with asymptomatic hypertensive urgency. His medical history was significant for heart failure and complete heart block with a dual chamber pacemaker first implanted in 1985. Although he had more leads added over time, his previous leads were never removed. Examination revealed a left-sided generator and an old right-sided device with purulent eroded wires. He also had mild pedal edema. A chest radiograph ( Figure 1A ) demonstrated a complicated lead arrangement with wires connecting the generator on the left and the old generator pocket site on the right, an atrial lead (yellow arrow) in the correct position, and multiple ventricular leads (green and red arrows) passing through the tricuspid area (oval). Gated chest computed tomography showed a misplaced, abandoned lead piercing one of the tricuspid leaflets (Red arrow in Figures 1

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY   Introduction Subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon clinical entity with only a few cases reported in the literature. Most cases are related to injuries of the subclavian artery during insertion of central venous catheter. In some of these cases, the injury is secondary to blunt trauma. We report an interesting case of iatrogenic right subclavian artery pseudoaneursym secondary to a complicated central vein dialysis catheter insertion, which was successfully treated with endovascular stenting and resulted in clinical improvement. Case Report A 60-year-old gentleman with a background history of accelerated hypertension and chronic kidney disease developed worsening renal function secondary to Enterococcus septicemia, following an admission for Steven-Johnson syndrome. The oliguric renal failure did not respond to fluid challenge and eventua

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Five clinical pediatric CT cases; the first case has dysnea, respiratory distress, cardiomegaly and gallop. Echocardiography showed dilated left ventricle with impaired contractility EF 20%, FS 10%. CT angiography showed absent left main coronary artery, anomalous origin of the LCX and LAD by separate ostia from the left side of the main pulmonary artery, diffuse dilatation of the RCA, Many dilated inter-coronary collaterals (adult type of ALCAPA). The second case has dysnea, recurrent pneumonia, respiratory distress, cardiomegaly and gallop. Echocardiography demonstrated dilated left ventricle with impaired contractility EF 22%, FS 10%, suspected ALCAPA. CT revealed anomalous origin of the LAD from the left side of the main pulmonary artery, left circumflex arises from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva and runs its normal course, mild diffuse dilatation of the RCA (ALCAPA). Th

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Abstract Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the chronic and progressive deterioration of lower extremity arterial blood flow due to systemic atherosclerosis. Currently, PAD is considered not only a disorder of lower extremity circulation and but also a predictorofincreased mortality and morbidity. In prevalence surveys conducted in Turkey, the frequencyof PAD was found up to 20-30%, increasing with advancing age. The diagnosis of PAD can easily be made by the ankle brachial index measurement. The incidence of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure is higherin individuals with PAD. In addition, in patients with coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, cardiovascular mortality and all - cause mortality increases in the presence of PAD. In conclusion, PAD is a systemic disease and should be treated systematically and effectively in addition to interventional thera

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY & CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was first introduced as a non- vascular contrast agent in the 1920s when retroperitoneal pneumatography was used to visualise the kidneys and adrenal masses. While Paul Rosentein employed oxygen (O 2 ) as a contrast agent, it was Humberto Horacio Carelli who propagated the use of CO 2 , which he perceived to be absorbed faster than O 2 , thus conferring a lower risk of air emboli [ 1 ]. Thirty to forty years on, the use of CO 2 expanded into the realm of the cardiovascular system, firstly to evaluate for pericardial effusion then subsequently for veno cavography [ 2 ]. A decade later through a stroke of serendipity, Irvin Hawkins discovered that CO 2 can also be safely applied in arteriography [ 3 ]. With the advent of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and better delivery systems in the 1980s, the use of CO 2 as a contrast agent continued to make headway